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102-500 test Format | 102-500 Course Contents | 102-500 Course Outline | 102-500 test Syllabus | 102-500 test Objectives

- Set environment variables (e.g. PATH) at login or when spawning a new shell.

- Write Bash functions for frequently used sequences of commands.

- Maintain skeleton directories for new user accounts.

- Set command search path with the proper directory.



- source

- /etc/bash.bashrc

- /etc/profile

- env

- export

- set

- unset

- ~/.bash_profile

- ~/.bash_login

- ~/.profile

- ~/.bashrc

- ~/.bash_logout

- function

- alias



- Use standard sh syntax (loops, tests).

- Use command substitution.

- Test return values for success or failure or other information provided by a command.

- Execute chained commands.

- Perform conditional mailing to the superuser.

- Correctly select the script interpreter through the shebang (#!) line.

- Manage the location, ownership, execution and suid-rights of scripts.



- Understanding of the X11 architecture.

- Basic understanding and knowledge of the X Window configuration file.

- Overwrite specific aspects of Xorg configuration, such as keyboard layout.

- Understand the components of desktop environments, such as display managers and window managers.

- Manage access to the X server and display applications on remote X servers.

- Awareness of Wayland.



- /etc/X11/xorg.conf

- /etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/

- ~/.xsession-errors

- xhost

- xauth

- DISPLAY

- X



- Awareness of major desktop environments

- Awareness of protocols to access remote desktop sessions

- KDE

- Gnome

- Xfce

- X11

- XDMCP

- VNC

- Spice

- RDP



- Basic knowledge of visual settings and themes.

- Basic knowledge of assistive technology.

- High Contrast/Large Print Desktop Themes.

- Screen Reader.

- Braille Display.

- Screen Magnifier.

- On-Screen Keyboard.

- Sticky/Repeat keys.

- Slow/Bounce/Toggle keys.

- Mouse keys.

- Gestures.

- Voice recognition.





- Add, modify and remove users and groups.

- Manage user/group info in password/group databases.

- Create and manage special purpose and limited accounts.



- /etc/passwd

- /etc/shadow

- /etc/group

- /etc/skel/

- chage

- getent

- groupadd

- groupdel

- groupmod

- passwd

- useradd

- userdel

- usermod



- Manage cron and at jobs.

- Configure user access to cron and at services.

- Understand systemd timer units.



- /etc/cron.{d,daily,hourly,monthly,weekly}/

- /etc/at.deny

- /etc/at.allow

- /etc/crontab

- /etc/cron.allow

- /etc/cron.deny

- /var/spool/cron/

- crontab

- at

- atq

- atrm

- systemctl

- systemd-run



- Configure locale settings and environment variables.

- Configure timezone settings and environment variables.

- /etc/timezone

- /etc/localtime

- /usr/share/zoneinfo/

- LC_*

- LC_ALL

- LANG

- TZ

- /usr/bin/locale

- tzselect

- timedatectl

- date

- iconv

- UTF-8

- ISO-8859

- ASCII

- Unicode



- Set the system date and time.

- Set the hardware clock to the correct time in UTC.

- Configure the correct timezone.

- Basic NTP configuration using ntpd and chrony.

- Knowledge of using the pool.ntp.org service.

- Awareness of the ntpq command.



- /usr/share/zoneinfo/

- /etc/timezone

- /etc/localtime

- /etc/ntp.conf

- /etc/chrony.conf

- date

- hwclock

- timedatectl

- ntpd

- ntpdate

- chronyc

- pool.ntp.org



- Basic configuration of rsyslog.

- Understanding of standard facilities, priorities and actions.

- Query the systemd journal.

- Filter systemd journal data by criteria such as date, service or priority

- Configure persistent systemd journal storage and journal size

- Delete old systemd journal data

- Retrieve systemd journal data from a rescue system or file system copy

- Understand interaction of rsyslog with systemd-journald

- Configuration of logrotate.

- Awareness of syslog and syslog-ng.



- /etc/rsyslog.conf

- /var/log/

- logger

- logrotate

- /etc/logrotate.conf

- /etc/logrotate.d/

- journalctl

- systemd-cat

- /etc/systemd/journald.conf

- /var/log/journal/



- Create e-mail aliases.

- Configure e-mail forwarding.

- Knowledge of commonly available MTA programs (postfix, sendmail, exim) (no configuration)

- ~/.forward

- sendmail emulation layer commands

- newaliases

- mail

- mailq

- postfix

- sendmail

- exim



- Basic CUPS configuration (for local and remote printers).

- Manage user print queues.

- Troubleshoot general printing problems.

- Add and remove jobs from configured printer queues.

- CUPS configuration files, tools and utilities

- /etc/cups/

- lpd legacy interface (lpr, lprm, lpq)



- understanding of network masks and CIDR notation.

- differences between private and public "dotted quad" IP addresses.

- common TCP and UDP ports and services (20, 21, 22, 23, 25, 53, 80, 110, 123, 139, 143, 161, 162, 389, 443, 465, 514, 636, 993, 995).

- differences and major features of UDP, TCP and ICMP.

- major differences between IPv4 and IPv6.



- Knowledge of the basic features of IPv6.

- /etc/services

- IPv4, IPv6

- Subnetting

- TCP, UDP, ICMP



- Understand basic TCP/IP host configuration

- Configure ethernet and wi-fi network configuration using NetworkManager

- Awareness of systemd-networkd

- /etc/hostname

- /etc/hosts

- /etc/nsswitch.conf

- /etc/resolv.conf

- nmcli

- hostnamectl

- ifup

- ifdown





- Manually configure network interfaces, including viewing and changing the configuration of network interfaces using iproute2.

- Manually configure routing, including viewing and changing routing tables and setting the default route using iproute2.

- Debug problems associated with the network configuration.

- Awareness of legacy net-tools commands.

- ip

- hostname

- ss

- ping

- ping6

- traceroute

- traceroute6

- tracepath

- tracepath6

- netcat

- ifconfig

- netstat

- route



- Query remote DNS servers.

- Configure local name resolution and use remote DNS servers.

- Modify the order in which name resolution is done.

- Debug errors related to name resolution.

- Awareness of systemd-resolved

- /etc/hosts

- /etc/resolv.conf

- /etc/nsswitch.conf

- host

- dig

- getent



- Audit a system to find files with the suid/sgid bit set.

- Set or change user passwords and password aging information.

- Being able to use nmap and netstat to discover open ports on a system.

- Set up limits on user logins, processes and memory usage.

- Determine which users have logged in to the system or are currently logged in.

- Basic sudo configuration and usage.



- find

- passwd

- fuser

- lsof

- nmap

- chage

- netstat

- sudo

- /etc/sudoers

- su

- usermod

- ulimit

- who, w, last



- Awareness of shadow passwords and how they work.

- Turn off network services not in use.

- Understand the role of TCP wrappers.

- /etc/nologin

- /etc/passwd



- /etc/shadow

- /etc/xinetd.d/

- /etc/xinetd.conf

- systemd.socket

- /etc/inittab

- /etc/init.d/

- /etc/hosts.allow

- /etc/hosts.deny



- Perform basic OpenSSH 2 client configuration and usage.

- Understand the role of OpenSSH 2 server host keys.

- Perform basic GnuPG configuration, usage and revocation.

- Use GPG to encrypt, decrypt, sign and verify files.

- Understand SSH port tunnels (including X11 tunnels).



- ssh

- ssh-keygen

- ssh-agent

- ssh-add

- ~/.ssh/id_rsa and id_rsa.pub

- ~/.ssh/id_dsa and id_dsa.pub

- ~/.ssh/id_ecdsa and id_ecdsa.pub

- ~/.ssh/id_ed25519 and id_ed25519.pub



- /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key and ssh_host_rsa_key.pub

- /etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key and ssh_host_dsa_key.pub

- /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ecdsa_key and ssh_host_ecdsa_key.pub

- /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ed25519_key and ssh_host_ed25519_key.pub

- ~/.ssh/authorized_keys

- ssh_known_hosts

- gpg

- gpg-agent

- ~/.gnupg/

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