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010-111 test Format | 010-111 Course Contents | 010-111 Course Outline | 010-111 test Syllabus | 010-111 test Objectives

The test content outline is the blueprint for your certification examination. Every question on the test is associated with one of the knowledge or skill statements that are found in the test content outline. download the outline that corresponds to the certification of your choice- and you'll also find the percentage of questions within each domain of the exam.





A job task analysis study was completed to describe the job functions of an ACSM Certified Personal Trainer® (ACSM-CPT®). The job task analysis serves as the foundation for the ACSM-CPT® test blueprint (also known as an test content outline) which assesses the practice-related knowledge of professionals seeking certification as a requirement of the job as a personal trainer. It is important to note that all ACSM-CPT® examination questions are based on the test content outline.





Task Name Cognitive Level


I. Initial Client Consultation and Assessment


A. Provide documents and clear instructions to the client in preparation Recall


for the initial interview.


1) Knowledge of:


a) the components of and preparation for the initial client consultation.


b) the necessary paperwork to be completed by the client prior to the initial client


interview.


2) Skill in:


a) effective communication.


b) utilizing multimedia resources (e.g.- email- phone- text messaging).


B. Interview the client to gather and provide pertinent information prior to Application


fitness testing and program design.


1) Knowledge of:


a) the components and limitations of a health/medical history- preparticipation


screening- informed consent- trainer-client contract- and organizational policies


and procedures.


b) the use of medical clearance for exercise testing and program participation.


c) health behavior modification theories and strategies.


d) orientation procedures- including equipment utilization and facility layout.


2) Skill in:


a) obtaining a health/medical history- medical clearance- and informed consent.


Job Tasks


Each performance domain is divided into job tasks. Within each task is a list of statements that describe what a personal trainer should know and/or be able to perform as part of their job. Table 2 should provide candidates with a sense of the breadth and depth of information that will be covered on the ACSM-CPT® exam.


Table 2. Job tasks and related knowledge and skill statements


C. Review and analyze client data to identify risk- formulate a plan of action- Synthesis and conduct physical exams.


1) Knowledge of:


a) risk factors for cardiovascular disease.


b) signs and symptoms of chronic cardiovascular- metabolic- and/or pulmonary disease.

c) the process for determining the need for medical clearance prior to participation in fitness testing and exercise programs.


d) relative and absolute contraindications to exercise testing.


2) Skill in:


a) identifying modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease and teaching clients about risk reduction.


b) determining appropriate fitness exams based on the initial client consultation.


c) following protocols during fitness test administration.


D. Evaluate behavioral readiness and develop strategies to optimize Application exercise adherence.


1) Knowledge of:


a) behavioral strategies to enhance exercise and health behavior change (e.g.- reinforcement- S.M.A.R.T. goal setting- social support).


b) health behavior change models (e.g.- socioeconomic model- readiness to change model- social cognitive theory- theory of planned behavior) and effective strategies that support and facilitate behavioral change.


2) Skill in:


a) setting effective client-oriented S.M.A.R.T. behavioral goals.


b) choosing and applying appropriate health behavior modification strategies based on the clients skills- knowledge and level of motivation.


E. Assess the components of health- and/or skill-related physical fitness to Synthesis

establish baseline values- set goals- and develop individualized programs.


1) Knowledge of:


a) the basic structures of bone- skeletal muscle- and connective tissue.


b) the basic anatomy of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems.


c) the definition of the following terms: anterior- posterior- proximal- distal- inferior-

superior- medial- lateral- supination- pronation- flexion- extension- adduction-

abduction- hyperextension- rotation- circumduction- agonist- antagonist- and

stabilizer.


d) the sagittal- frontal (coronal)- transverse (horizontal) planes of the body and plane in

which each muscle action occurs.


e) the interrelationships among center of gravity- base of support- balance- stability-

and proper spinal alignment.


f) the following curvatures of the spine: lordosis- scoliosis- and kyphosis.


g) the differences between the aerobic and anaerobic energy systems and the

effects of acute and chronic exercise on each.


h) acute responses to cardiorespiratory exercise and resistance training.


i) chronic physiological adaptations associated with cardiovascular exercise and

resistance training.


j) physiological responses related to warm-up and cool-down.


k) physiological basis of acute muscle fatigue- delayed onset muscle soreness

(DOMS)- and musculoskeletal injury/overtraining.


l) physiological adaptations that occur at rest and during submaximal and maximal

exercise following chronic aerobic and anaerobic exercise training.


m) physiological basis for improvements in muscular strength and endurance.


n) expected blood pressure responses associated with postural changes- acute

physical exercise- and adaptations as a result of long-term exercise training.


o) types of muscle contraction- such as isotonic (concentric- eccentric)- isometric

(static)- and isokinetic.


p) major muscle groups (e.g.- trapezius- pectoralis major- latissimus dorsi- deltoids-

biceps- triceps- rectus abdominis- internal and external obliques- erector spinae-

gluteus maximus- hip flexors- quadriceps- hamstrings- hip adductors- hip abductors-

anterior tibialis- soleus- gastrocnemius).


q) major bones (e.g.- clavicle- scapula- sternum- humerus- carpals- ulna- radius- femur-

fibula- tibia- tarsals).


r) joint classifications (e.g.- hinge- ball and socket).


s) the primary action and joint range of motion specific to each major muscle group.


t) the following terms related to muscles: hypertrophy- atrophy- and hyperplasia.


u) physiological basis of the components of health-related physical fitness

(cardiovascular fitness- muscular strength- muscular endurance- flexibility- and

body composition).


v) normal chronic physiologic adaptations associated with cardiovascular- resistance-


and flexibility training.

w) test termination criteria- and proper procedures to be followed after discontinuing

an exercise test.


x) anthropometric measurements and body composition techniques (e.g.-

skinfolds- plethysmography- bioelectrical impedance- infrared- dual-energy x-ray

absorptiometry (DEXA)- body mass index (BMI)- circumference measurements).


y) fitness testing protocols- including pre-test preparation and exams of

cardiovascular fitness- muscular strength- muscular endurance- flexibility- and body

composition.


z) interpretation of fitness test results.


aa) the recommended order of fitness exams.


bb) appropriate documentation of signs or symptoms during an exercise session.


cc) various mechanisms for appropriate referral to a physician.


2) Skill in:


a) locating/palpating pulse landmarks- accurately measuring heart rate- and obtaining

rating of perceived exertion (RPE).


b) selecting and administering cardiovascular fitness exams.


c) locating anatomical sites for circumference (girth) and skinfold measurements.

d) selecting and administering muscular strength and muscular endurance

assessments.


e) selecting and administering flexibility exams for various muscle groups.

f) recognizing postural deviations that may affect exercise performance and body

alignment.


g) delivering test and test results in a positive manner.

F. Develop a plan and timeline for reassessing physical fitness- goals- and Application

related behaviors.


1) Knowledge of:


a) developing fitness plans based on the information obtained in the client interview

and the results of the physical fitness exams.


b) alternative health behavior modification strategies.


c) the purpose and timeline for reassessing each component of physical fitness

(cardiovascular fitness- muscular strength- muscular endurance- flexibility- and

body composition).


II. Practice Programming and Implementation

A. Review the clients goals- medical history- and test results and Recall

determine exercise prescription.


1) Knowledge of:


a) the risks and benefits associated with guidelines for exercise training and

programming for healthy adults- older adults- children- adolescents- and pregnant

women.


b) the risks and benefits associated with guidelines for exercise training and

programming for clients with chronic disease who are medically cleared to

exercise.


c) Health-related conditions that require consultations with medical personnel prior

to initiating physical activity.


d) components of health-related physical fitness (cardiovascular fitness- muscular

strength- muscular endurance- flexibility- and body composition).


e) program development for specific client needs (e.g.- sport-specific training-

performance- lifestyle- functional- balance- agility- aerobic and anaerobic).


f) special precautions and modifications of exercise programming for participation

in various environmental conditions (e.g.- altitude- variable ambient temperatures-

humidity- environmental pollution).


g) documenting exercise sessions and performing periodic re-evaluations to assess

changes in fitness status.


B. Select exercise modalities to achieve the desired adaptations based on the Application

clients goals- medical history- and test results.


1) Knowledge of:


a) selecting exercises and training modalities based on clients age- functional

capacity- and exercise test results.


b) the principles of specificity and program progression.

c) the advantages- disadvantages- and applications of interval- continuous- and circuit

training programs for cardiovascular fitness improvements.


d) activities of daily living (ADLs) and their role in the overall health and fitness of the

client.


e) differences between physical activity recommendations and training principles for

general health benefits- weight management- fitness improvements- and athletic

performance enhancement.


f) advanced resistance training programming (e.g.- super sets- Olympic lifting-

plyometric exercises- pyramid training).


g) the six motor skill-related physical fitness components; agility- balance-

coordination- reaction time- speed and power.


h) the benefits- risks- and contraindications for a wide variety of resistance training

exercises specific to individual muscle groups (e.g.- for rectus abdominis-

performing crunches- supine leg raises- and plank exercises).


i) the benefits- risks- and contraindications for a wide variety of range of motion

exercises (e.g.- dynamic and passive stretching- Tai Chi- Pilates- yoga- proprioceptive

neuromuscular facilitation- partner stretching)


j) the benefits- risks- and contraindications for a wide variety of cardiovascular training

exercises and applications based on client experience- skill level- current fitness

level and goals (e.g.- walking- jogging- running).


C. Determine initial Frequency- Intensity- Time- Type- Volume and Progression Application

(i.e.- FITT-VP Principle) of exercise based on the clients goals- medical history-

and test results.


1) Knowledge of:


a) the recommended FITT-VP principle for physical activity for cardiovascular and

musculoskeletal fitness in healthy adults- older adults- children- adolescents- and

pregnant women.


b) the recommended FITT-VP principle for development of cardiovascular and

musculoskeletal fitness in clients with stable chronic diseases who are medically

cleared for exercise.


c) exercise modifications for those with physical and intellectual limitations (e.g.- injury

rehabilitation- neuromuscular and postural limitations).

d) implementation of the components of an exercise training session (e.g.- warm-up-

conditioning- cool down- stretching).

e) application of biomechanics and exercises associated with movements of the

major muscle groups (i.e.- seated knee extension: quadriceps).


f) establishing and monitoring levels of exercise intensity- including heart rate- RPE-

pace- maximum oxygen consumption and/or metabolic equivalents (METs).


g) determining target/training heart rates using predicted maximum heart rate and

the heart rate reserve method (Karvonen formula) with recommended intensity

percentages based on client fitness level- medical considerations- and goals.


h) periodization for cardiovascular- resistance training- and conditioning program

design and progression of exercises.


i) repetitions- sets- load- and rest periods necessary for desired goals.

j) using results from repetition maximum tests to determine resistance training loads.

D. Review the proposed program with the client- demonstrate exercises- and Application

teach the client how to perform each exercise.


1) Knowledge of:


a) adaptations to strength- functional capacity- and motor skills.


b) the physiological effects of the Valsalva Maneuver and the associated risks.


c) the biomechanical principles for the performance of common physical activities

(e.g.- walking- running- swimming- cycling- resistance training- yoga- Pilates-

functional training).


d) the concept of detraining or reversibility of conditioning and effects on fitness and

functional performance.


e) signs and symptoms of over-reaching/overtraining.


f) modifying exercise form and/or technique to reduce musculoskeletal injury.


g) exercise attire for specific activities- environments- and conditions (e.g.- footwear-

layering for cold- light colors in heat).


h) communication techniques for effective teaching with awareness of visual-

auditory- and kinesthetic learning styles.


2) Skill in:


a) demonstrating exercises designed to enhance cardiovascular endurance-

muscular strength and endurance- balance- and range of motion.


b) demonstrating exercises for improving range of motion of major joints.


c) demonstrating a wide range of resistance training modalities and activities (e.g.-

variable resistance devices- dynamic constant external resistance devices-

kettlebells- static resistance devices).


d) demonstrating a wide variety of functional training exercises (e.g.- stability balls-

balance boards- resistance bands- medicine balls- foam rollers).


e) proper spotting positions and techniques for injury prevention and exercise

assistance.


E. Monitor the clients technique and response to exercise- providing Synthesis

modifications as necessary.


1) Knowledge of:


a) normal and abnormal responses to exercise and criteria for termination of exercise

(e.g.- shortness of breath- joint pain- dizziness- abnormal heart rate response).


b) proper and improper form and technique while using cardiovascular conditioning

equipment (e.g.- stair-climbers- stationary cycles- treadmills- elliptical trainers).


c) proper and improper form and technique while performing resistance exercises

(e.g.- resistance machines- stability balls- free weights- resistance bands-

calisthenics/body weight).


d) proper and improper form and technique while performing flexibility exercises (e.g.-

static stretching- dynamic stretching- partner stretching).


2) Skill in:


a) interpreting client comprehension and body language during exercise.


b) effective communication- including active listening- cuing- and providing

constructive feedback during and after exercise.


F. Recommend exercise progressions to Improve or maintain the clients Synthesis

fitness level.


1) Knowledge of:


a) exercises and program modifications for healthy adults- older adults- children-

adolescents- and pregnant women.


b) exercises and program modifications for clients with chronic disease who

are medically cleared to exercise (e.g.- stable coronary artery disease- other

cardiovascular diseases- diabetes mellitus- obesity- metabolic syndrome-

hypertension- arthritis- chronic back pain- osteoporosis- chronic pulmonary

disease- chronic pain).


c) principles of progressive overload- specificity- and program progression.

d) progression of exercises for major muscle groups (e.g.- standing lunge to walking

lunge to walking lunge with resistance).


e) modifications to periodized conditioning programs to increase or maintain

muscular strength and/or endurance- hypertrophy- power- cardiovascular

endurance- balance- and range of motion/flexibility.


G. Obtain client feedback to ensure exercise program satisfaction and adherence. Recall

1) Knowledge of:


a) effective techniques for program evaluation and client satisfaction (e.g.- survey-

written follow-up- verbal feedback).


b) client goals and appropriate review and modification.


III. Practice Leadership and Client Education


A. Optimize participant adherence by using effective communication- motivational Synthesis

techniques- and behavioral strategies.


1) Knowledge of:


a) verbal and nonverbal behaviors that communicate positive reinforcement and

encouragement (e.g.- eye contact- targeted praise- empathy).


b) learning preferences (auditory- visual- kinesthetic) and how to apply teaching and

training techniques to optimize training session.


c) applying health behavior change models (e.g.- socioecological model- readiness to

change model- social cognitive theory- theory of planned behavior) and strategies

that support and facilitate adherence.


d) barriers to exercise adherence and compliance (e.g.- time management- injury- fear-

lack of knowledge- weather).


e) techniques to facilitate intrinsic and extrinsic motivation (e.g.- goal setting- incentive

programs- achievement recognition- social support).


f) strategies to increase non-structured physical activity (e.g.- stair walking- parking

farther away- biking to work).


g) health coaching principles and lifestyle management techniques related to

behavior change.


h) leadership techniques and educational methods to increase client engagement.

2) Skill in:


a) applying active listening techniques.


b) using feedback to optimize a clients training sessions.


c) effective and timely uses of a variety of communication modes (e.g.- telephone-

newsletters- email- social media).


B. Educate clients using scientifically sound resources. Application

1) Knowledge of:


a) influential lifestyle factors- including nutrition and physical activity habits.

b) the value of carbohydrates- fats- and proteins as fuels for exercise and physical

activity.


c) the following terms: body composition- body mass index- lean body mass- anorexia

nervosa- bulimia nervosa- and body fat distribution.


d) the relationship between body composition and health.


e) the effectiveness of diet- exercise and behavior modification as a method for

modifying body composition.


f) the importance of maintaining hydration before- during and after exercise.

g) Dietary Guidelines for Americans.


h) the Female Athlete Triad.


i) the myths and consequences associated with various weight loss methods (e.g.-

fad diets- dietary supplements- over-exercising- starvation diets).


j) the number of kilocalories in one gram of carbohydrate- fat- protein and alcohol.

k) industry guidelines for caloric intake for individuals desiring to lose or gain weight.

l) accessing and disseminating scientifically-based- relevant- fitness- and wellnessrelated

resources and information.


m) community-based exercise programs that provide social support and structured

activities (e.g.- walking clubs- intramural sports- golf leagues- cycling clubs).


n) stress management and relaxation techniques (e.g.- progressive relaxation- guided

imagery- massage therapy).


IV. Legal and Professional Responsibilities


A. Collaborate with health care professionals and organizations to create a Application

network of providers who can assist in maximizing the benefits and minimizing

the risk of an exercise program.


1) Knowledge of:


a) reputable professional resources and referral sources to ensure client safety and

program effectiveness.


b) the scope of practice for the Certified Personal Trainer and the need to practice

within this scope.


c) effective and professional communication with allied health and fitness

professionals.


d) identifying individuals requiring referral to a physician or allied health services (e.g.-

physical therapy- dietary counseling- stress management- weight management-

psychological and social services).


B. Develop a comprehensive risk management program (including an Application

emergency action plan and injury prevention program) consistent with industry

standards of care.


1) Knowledge of:


a) resources available to obtain basic life support- automated external defibrillator

(AED)- and cardiopulmonary resuscitation certification.


b) emergency procedures (i.e.- telephone procedures- written emergency

procedures- personnel responsibilities) in a health and fitness setting.


c) precautions taken to ensure participant safety (e.g.- equipment placement- facility

cleanliness- floor surface).


d) the following terms related to musculoskeletal injuries (e.g.- shin splints- sprain-

strain- bursitis- fractures- tendonitis- patellofemoral pain syndrome- low back pain-

plantar fasciitis).


e) contraindicated exercises/postures and risks associated with certain exercises

(e.g.- straight-leg sit-ups- double leg raises- full squats- hurdlers stretch- cervical and

lumbar hyperextension- standing bent-over toe touch).


f) the responsibilities- limitations- and legal implications for the Certified Personal

Trainer of carrying out emergency procedures.


g) potential musculoskeletal injuries (e.g.- contusions- sprains- strains- fractures)-

cardiovascular/pulmonary complications (e.g.- chest pain- palpitations/

arrhythmias- tachycardia- bradycardia- hypotension/hypertension-

hyperventilation)- and metabolic abnormalities (e.g.- fainting/syncope-

hypoglycemia/hyperglycemia- hypothermia/hyperthermia).


h) the initial management and basic first-aid procedures for exercise-related

injuries (e.g.- bleeding- strains/sprains- fractures- shortness of breath- palpitations-

hypoglycemia- allergic reactions- fainting/syncope).


i) the need for and components of an equipment service plan/agreement.

j) the need for and use of safety policies and procedures (e.g.- incident/accident

reports- emergency procedure training) and legal necessity thereof.


k) the need for and components of an emergency action plan.


l) effective communication skills and the ability to inform staff and clients of

emergency policies and procedures.


2) Skill in:


a) demonstrating and carrying out emergency procedures during exercise testing

and/or training.


b) assisting- spotting- and monitoring clients safely and effectively during exercise

testing and/or training.


C. Adhere to ACSM Certifications Code of Ethics by practicing in a professional Recall

manner within the scope of practice of an ACSM Certified Personal Trainer.


1) Knowledge of:


a) the components of both the ACSM Code of Ethics as well as the ACSM Certified

Personal Trainer scope of practice.


b) appropriate work attire and professional behavior.


2) Skill in:


a) conducting all professional activities within the scope of practice of the ACSM

Certified Personal Trainer.


D. Follow industry-accepted professional- ethical- and business standards. Recall

1) Knowledge of:


a) professional liability and potential for negligence in training environments.

b) legal issues for licensed and non-licensed healthcare professionals providing

services- exercise testing and risk-management strategies.


c) equipment maintenance to decrease risk of injury and liability (e.g.- maintenance

plan- service schedule- safety considerations).


E. Respect copyright laws by obtaining permission before using protected Recall

materials and any form of applicable intellectual property.


1) Knowledge of:


a) national and international copyright laws.


2) Skill in:


a) referencing non-original work.


F. Safeguard client confidentiality and privacy rights unless formally waived or in Recall

emergency situations.


1) Knowledge of:


a) practices/systems for maintaining client confidentiality.


b) the importance of client privacy (i.e.- client personal safety- legal liability- client credit

protection- client medical disclosure).


c) the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA)- and the Health Insurance

Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) laws.

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